ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2022-2-72-87ovoshchi-1958Research ArticleЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT PROTECTIONПовышение конкурентоспособности овощных культур к сорным растениям посредством совершенствования методов борьбыIncreasing the competitiveness of vegetable crops to weeds by improving control methodshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-6845СолдатенкоА. В.SoldatenkoA. V.

Алексей Васильевич Солдатенко – доктор с.-х. наук, чл.-корр. РАН, гл.н.с.

143072, Московская область, Одинцовский район, п. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д.14

Alexey V. Soldatenko – Doc. Sci. (Agriculture), corresponding member of RAS, Chief Scientist, Director

14, Selectsionnaya str., VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072

alex-soldat@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-8487МеньшихА. М.MenshichA. M.

Александр Михайлович Меньших – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела технологий и инноваций

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexander M. Menshikh – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Technology and Innovation Department

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-8667ФедосовА. Ю.FedosovA. Yu.

Александр Юрьевич Федосов – младший научный сотрудник отдела технологий и инноваций

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexander Yu. Fedosov – Junior Researcher, Technology and Innovation Department

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-8667ИрковИ. И.IrkovI. I.

Иван Иванович Ирков – кандидат техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Ivan I. Irkov – Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Leading Researcher

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-2157ИвановаМ. И.IvanovaM. I.

Мария Ивановна Иванова – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник отдела селекции и семеноводства

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Maria I. Ivanova – Doc. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Breeding and Seed Production

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

ivanova_170@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)Russian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center"Russian Federation202211052022027287Copyright © Солдатенко А.В., Меньших А.М., Федосов А.Ю., Ирков И.И., Иванова М.И., 20222022Солдатенко А.В., Меньших А.М., Федосов А.Ю., Ирков И.И., Иванова М.И.Soldatenko A.V., Menshich A.M., Fedosov A.Y., Irkov I.I., Ivanova M.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/1958

Сорные растения являются основной угрозой в растениеводстве, и борьба с ними в современном сельском хозяйстве имеет решающее значение для предотвращения потерь урожая и обеспечения продовольственной безопасности. Интенсивные методы ведения сельского хозяйства, изменение климата и стихийные бедствия влияют на динамику сорняков, что требует изменения методов борьбы с ними. Существующие способы больше не жизнеспособны из-за нехватки рабочей силы; методы химического контроля ограничены опасностями для здоровья и развитием устойчивости к гербицидам у сорных растений. В настоящей статье рассмотрены некоторые потенциальные альтернативные стратегии борьбы с сорняками в современном овощеводстве, которые осуществимы и эффективны. Повышение конкурентоспособности овощных культур посредством надлежащего планирования системы агротехнологий, профилактических, культурных и механических методов, создания конкурентоспособных сортов, аллелопатии, биологического контроля и снижение семенной продуктивности сорных растений при сборе урожая будет основным аспектом в устойчивом управлении сорняками. Улучшение режимов обработки почвы издавна считалось основной мерой борьбы с сорняками. Контроль семенной продуктивности сорных растений и их вредоносность были показаны как потенциальные инструменты для снижения всхожести семян сорняков и их сохранности в почве. Развитие аллелопатии привело к появлению новых методов борьбы с сорняками. Использование аллелопатического потенциала сельскохозяйственных культур также заслуживает упоминания в современных способах борьбы с сорняками. Термическая борьба с сорняками рассматривается в качестве полезного метода. Подчеркнута роль биогербицидов, как неотъемлемой части устойчивого управления сорняками. Все эти стратегии жизнеспособны для современного сельского хозяйства; однако, выбор конкретного способа и использование правильных комбинаций будет ключом к успеху. Ни одна стратегия не является идеальной, и поэтому комплексный подход может обеспечить лучшие результаты. Принятие таких методов может повысить эффективность систем земледелия в условиях устойчивого сельского хозяйства. Описан комплексный метод защиты овощных культур от сорных растений и пути снижения потенциальной засоренности полей семенами и всходами сорняков. Приведены оптимальные нормы и технологические особенности, условия эффективного применения современных гербицидов на посевах и посадках овощных культур.

Weeds are a major threat in crop production, and controlling them in modern agriculture is critical to preventing crop losses and ensuring food security. Intensive farming practices, climate change and natural disasters affect weed dynamics, requiring a change in management practices. Existing methods are no longer viable due to lack of manpower; chemical control methods are limited by health hazards and the development of herbicide resistance in weeds. This article discusses some potential alternative weed control strategies in modern vegetable production that are feasible and effective. Increasing the competitiveness of vegetable crops through proper planning of agrotechnologies system, preventive, cultural and mechanical methods, development of competitive varieties, allelopathy, biological control and reduction of weed seed production at harvest will be a major aspect in sustainable weed management. Improving tillage regimes has long been considered the main measure of weed control. Control of weed seed production and weed injuriousness have been shown as potential tools to reduce weed seed germination and retention in the soil. The development of allelopathy has led to the emergence of new methods of weed control. The use of the allelopathic potential of crops also deserves mention in modern weed control methods. Thermal weed control is seen as a useful method. The role of bioherbicides as an integral part of sustainable weed management is emphasized. All of these strategies are viable for modern agriculture; however, choosing a specific method and using the right combinations will be the key to success. No strategy is perfect, and therefore an integrated approach can provide the best results. The adoption of such practices can improve the efficiency of farming systems in sustainable agricul- ture. A comprehensive method for protecting vegetable crops from weeds and ways to reduce the potential contamination of fields with seeds and weed seedlings are described. The optimal norms and technological features, conditions for the effective use of modern herbicides on crops and plantings of vegetable crops are given.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.