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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ovoshchi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Овощи России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vegetable crops of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9146</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18619/2072-9146-2021-6-86-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ovoshchi-1864</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение изолятов Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary в посадках картофеля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary isolates in the planting of potatoes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-1716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мацишина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matsishina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Валериевна Мацишина – кандидат биол. наук, ст.н.с. лаборатории селекционно-генетических исследований полевых культур</p><p>692539, Россия, Приморский край, . Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nathalia V. Matsishina – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher laboratory of selection and genetic research of field crops</p><p>30b, Vologenin str., v. Timiryazevsky, Ussuriysk, Prymorsky Territory, Russia, 692539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnathalie134@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-4641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петр Викторович Фисенко – кандидат биол. наук, в.н.с, и.о. зав. лаборатории селекционно-генетических исследований полевых культур</p><p>692539, Россия, Приморский край, . Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr V. Fisenko –Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Scientist, Acting head laboratory of selection and genetic research of field crops</p><p>30b, Vologenin str., v. Timiryazevsky, Ussuriysk, Prymorsky Territory, Russia, 692539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phisenko@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-3390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Абдулалиевна Собко – аспирант, м.н.с. лаборатории селекционно-генетических исследований полевых культур</p><p>692539, Россия, Приморский край, . Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Sobko – postgraduate student, Junior Researcher laboratory of selection and genetic research of field crops</p><p>30b, Vologenin str., v. Timiryazevsky, Ussuriysk, Prymorsky Territory, Russia, 692539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.eyvazova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Вячеславовна Ким – кандидат с-х. наук, в.н.с., и.о. зав. лабораторией диагностики болезней картофеля</p><p>692539, Россия, Приморский край, . Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kim – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, acting head laboratory of diagnostics of potato diseases</p><p>30b, Vologenin str., v. Timiryazevsky, Ussuriysk, Prymorsky Territory, Russia, 692539</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-9225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Игоревич Волков – аспирант, зав. отделом картофелеводства и овощеводства</p><p>692539, Россия, Приморский край, . Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Volkov – postgraduate student, head. Department of Potato and Vegetable Growing</p><p>30b, Vologenin str., v. Timiryazevsky, Ussuriysk, Prymorsky Territory, Russia, 692539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkov_science@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богинская</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boginskaya</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Геннадьевна Богинская – м.н.с. лаборатории селекционно-генетических исследований полевых культур</p><p>692539, Россия, Приморский край, . Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya G. Boginskaya – Junior Researcher laboratory of selection and genetic research of field crops</p><p>30b, Vologenin str., v. Timiryazevsky, Ussuriysk, Prymorsky Territory, Russia, 692539</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cabinet.315@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «ФНЦ агробиотехнологий Дальнего Востока им. А.К. Чайки»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мацишина Н.В., Фисенко П.В., Собко О.А., Ким И.В., Волков Д.И., Богинская Н.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мацишина Н.В., Фисенко П.В., Собко О.А., Ким И.В., Волков Д.И., Богинская Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matsishina N.V., Fisenko P.V., Sobko O.A., Kim I.V., Volkov D.I., Boginskaya N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/1864">https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/1864</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Одной из самых распространенных болезней картофеля и других пасленовых является фитофтороз, вызываемый патогенным оомицетом вида Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. В природе описано не менее 100 видов фитофторы, поражающих широкий круг видов растений. Популяция фитофторы гетерогенна и представлена расами, а также разными типами спаривания. Это приводит к быстрой адаптации патогена и появлению новых, более агрессивных и устойчивых рас. Фитофтора является паразитом, урон от которого невозможно избежать в рамках органического земледелия. Поэтому особенно важно знать особенности патогенеза и расового состава фитофторы в каждом отдельно взятом регионе выращивания пасленовых.Методика исследований. Дифференцировкк и сбор материала из природной популяции осуществляли с использованием сортов картофеля, имеющих в геноме известные R-гены. Изоляцию и введение в культуру проводили с листьев методом влажных камер с последую- щим культивированием на питательных средах. Идентифицировали патоген с помощью микроскопического анализа. Культуральные фильтраты получали на жидкой среде Хелла с последующим фильтрованием и автоклавированием жидкости. Фитотоксическую активность определяли по влиянию на проростки пасленовых, злаковых и бобовых культур стандартным методом. Молекулярно-генетический анализ изолятов проводили методом ISSR-анализа; праймер, амплификационная смесь и температурный профиль реакции были выбраны по литературным данным; расчет генетических характеристик проводили с использованием пакетов программ TFPGA.Результаты. Собраны и введены в культуру образцы семи изолятов Phytophthora infestans. В результате культивирования in vitro выявлены морфологические отличия, выражавшиеся в структуре и окраске мицелия, форме колоний, характере спороношения, цвета реверса и среды под колониями. Выявлены генетические отличия введенного в культуру природного материала фитофторы, собранного с сортов картофеля, имеющие единичные гены устойчивости (R1, R3, R4). Выявлены отличия в фитотоксической активности культуральных фильтратов исследуемых изолятов. Выделенные изоляты демонстрируют дифференциацию на фенотипическом, генетическом и физиологическом уровнях, что позволяет говорить об их принадлежности к расам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. One of the most common diseases of potatoes and other nightshade family species is late blight caused by a pathogenic oomycete of the Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. At least 100 species of phytophthora have been described in nature, affecting a wide range of plant species. The phytophthora population is heterogeneous and is represented by races, as well as different types of mating. This leads to a rapid adaptation of the pathogen and the emergence of new, more aggressive, and resistant races. Phytophthora is a parasite, the damage from which cannot be avoided within the organic farming framework. Therefore, it is particularly important to know the pathogenesis and racial composition of phytophthora in each individual region of Solanaceae cultivation.Research methodology. Differentiation and collection of material from the natural population were carried out using potato varieties with known R-genes in the genome. Isolation and introduction into the culture were carried out from leaves with the dampening chambers method, followed by cultivation on nutrient media. The pathogen was identified by microscopic analysis. Culture filtrates were obtained on the liquid nutritious medium, followed by liquid filtration and autoclaving. Phytotoxic activity was determined by the effect on the seedlings of the nightshade, grass, and pea families by the standard method. Molecular genetic analysis of the isolates was carried out by ISSR analysis; the primer, amplification mixture, and temperature profile of the reaction were selected according to the literature data; the calculation of genetic characteristics was carried out using POPGENE software packages.Results. Samples of seven Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected and introduced into culture. As a result of in vitro cultivation, morphological differences were revealed, expressed in the structure and color of the mycelium, the shape of the colonies, the nature of sporulation, the color of the reverse, and the medium under the colonies. The genetic differences of the natural phytophthora material introduced into the culture, collected from potato varieties with single resistance genes (R1, R3, R4), were revealed. Differences in the phytotoxic activity of the studied isolates' cultural filtrates were revealed. The isolated isolates demonstrate differentiation at the phenotypic, genetic and physiological levels, which allows us to speak about their belonging to races.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фитофтора</kwd><kwd>расы</kwd><kwd>фитотоксическая активность</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>пасленовые</kwd><kwd>картофель</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные культуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Phytophthora</kwd><kwd>races</kwd><kwd>phytotoxic activity</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>nightshade</kwd><kwd>potatoes</kwd><kwd>crops</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают признательность Р. Романчуку (Окница, Молдова, USARB) за помощь в переводе, а также доктору Hsin Chi (National Chung Hsing University) за консультации по статистической обработке результатов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to R. 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