ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2021-3-105-109ovoshchi-1773Research ArticleЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT PROTECTIONИдентификация патогенных грибов в луковицах чеснока при хранении и в корневой сфере в период роста растенийIdentification of pathogenic fungi in garlic bulbs during storage and in the root zone during plant growthhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-7601ФилюшинМ. А.FilyushinM. A.

Михаил Александрович Филюшин – к.б.н., с.н.с. лаб. системной биологии растений

119071 Москва, Ленинский пр., д. 33, стр. 2

Mikhail A. Filyushin – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher lab. Systems Biology of Plants

Moscow, 119071

michel7753@mail.ruДаниловаО. А.DanilovaO. A.

Ольга Александровна Данилова – к.б.н., с.н.с. группы экспериментальной микологии, Scopus ID 57209481974

119071 Москва, Ленинский пр., д. 33, стр. 2

Olga A. Danilova – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher group of experimental mycology

Moscow, 119071

noitcelfer@mail.ruСерединТ. М.SeredinT. M.

Тимофей Михайлович Середин – кандидат с.-х. наук, с.н.с. лаб. селекции и семеноводства луковых культур

143072, Московская область, Одинцовский район, п. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д. 14

Timofey M. Seredin – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher lab. breeding and seed production of onion crops

14, Selectsionnaya str., VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072

timofey-seredin@rambler.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)Russian Federation20212606202103105109Copyright © Филюшин М.А., Данилова О.А., Середин Т.М., 20212021Филюшин М.А., Данилова О.А., Середин Т.М.Filyushin M.A., Danilova O.A., Seredin T.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/1773

Актуальность, материал и методика.Потери урожая сельскохозяйственных культур связаны не только с развитием болезней в процессе вегетации, но и при послеуборочном хранении. Чеснок является популярной овощной и пряно-ароматической культурой во многих странах мира. Значительные потери урожая чеснока при выращивании и хранении связаны с грибными патогенами, наиболее вредоносными из которых являются представители рода Fusarium. В Московской области поражение посевов чеснока фузариозом проявляется ежегодно, но с различной интенсивностью. В Федеральном научном центре овощеводства (ФНЦО) было показано, что гнили и увядание растений чеснока вызывается комплексом патогенных грибов, включающим преимущественно различные виды Fusarium. При этом соотношение видов Fusarium в патогенном комплексе изменяется от года к году, регистрируются новые виды Fusarium и их расы. Целью данной работы было определение грибных фитопатогенов, вызывающих сухую гниль зубков чеснока при послеуборочном хранении. Для проведения работы из хранилища ФНЦО были взяты луковицы чеснока сортов Дубковский и Стрелец.

Результаты. В результате визуального осмотра были выявлены зубки с симптомами сухой гнили. Пораженные ткани зубков были помещены на картофельнодекстрозный агар для получения грибных колоний. Анализ морфолого-культуральных признаков грибных изолятов, а также нуклеотидных последовательностей четырех участков ДНК (спейсеры ITS, гены EF1а, RPB1 и RPB2) показал, что возбудителем сухой гнили зубков чеснока является патогенный гриб Fusarium proliferatum. Дополнительно в полевых условиях была проведена идентификация на основе анализа последовательностей спейсеров ITS и гена EF1 афитопатогенных грибов, обитающих в корневой зоне растений чеснока. В результате в корневой сфере сортов чеснока были обнаружены два вида грибов рода Fusarium (F. proliferatum и F. oxysporum f. sp. сepae), а также виды Rhizoctonia solani, Volutella rosea и Ceratobasidium sp.

Relevance and methods

Relevance and methods. Losses of agricultural crops are associated not only with the development of diseases during the growing season, but also during post-harvest storage. Garlic is a popular vegetable and aromatic crop in world. Significant losses in garlic yield during cultivation and storage are associated with fungal pathogens, the most harmful of which are representatives of the genus Fusarium. In the Moscow region, the defeat of garlic by Fusarium occurs annually, but with varying intensity. At the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC), it was shown that rot and wilting of garlic plants is caused by a complex of pathogenic fungi, including mainly different species of Fusarium. At the same time, the ratio of Fusarium species in the pathogenic complex changes from year to year, new Fusarium species and their races are registered. The aim of this study was to identify fungal phytopathogens causing dry rot of garlic cloves during post-harvest storage. To carry out the work, garlic bulbs of cultivars Dubkovsky and Strelets were taken from the FSVC storage.

Results

Results. As a result of visual examination, cloves with symptoms of dry rot were identified. The diseased cloves tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar to obtain fungal colonies. Analysis of the morphological and cultural characteristics of fungal isolates, as well as the nucleotide sequences of four DNA regions (ITS spacers, genes EF1α, RPB1, and RPB2) showed that the causative agent of dry rot of garlic cloves is the pathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum. In addition, in the field, identification was carried out based on the analysis of the sequences of spacers ITS and the EF1αgene of phytopathogenic fungi inhabiting the root zone of garlic plants. As a result, two species of fungi of the genus Fusarium (F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae), as well as the species Rhizoctonia solani, Volutella rosea, and Ceratobasidium sp. were found in the root zone of garlic cultivars.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.