<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ovoshchi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Овощи России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vegetable crops of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9146</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18619/2072-9146-2020-4-88-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ovoshchi-1113</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярная диагностика заражения некоторых молдавских сортов томата фитоплазмой.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular diagnosis of phytoplasma infection in some Moldavian tomato varieties</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-7652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахшиев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bahsiev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бахшиев Айгюнь Гидаятовна – младший научный сотрудник лаб. молекулярной генетики</p><p>Ул. Пэдурий, 20, МД-2002, Кишинев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aighiuni Gh. Bahsiev – Junior Researcher Dep. Molecular Genetics</p><p>20 Padurii St., MD-2002, Chisinau</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заморзаева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamorzaeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заморзаева Ирина Александровна – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаб. молекулярной генетики </p><p>Ул. Пэдурий, 20, МД-2002, Кишинев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Zamorzaeva – Doc. Sci.(Biology), Leading Researcher, Dep.molecular genetics</p><p>20 Padurii St., MD-2002, Chisinau</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михня</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mihnea</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михня Надежда Ильинична – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаб. прикладной генетики</p><p>Ул. Пэдурий, 20, МД-2002, Кишинев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadejda I. Mikhnya – Doc. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Dep. applied genetics</p><p>20 Padurii St., MD-2002, Chisinau</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Генетики, Физиологии и Защиты Растений</institution><country>Молдова</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection</institution><country>Moldova, Republic of</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бахшиев А.Г., Заморзаева И.А., Михня Н.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бахшиев А.Г., Заморзаева И.А., Михня Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bahsiev A.G., Zamorzaeva I.A., Mihnea N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/1113">https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/1113</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Применение молекулярных методов позволяет более надежно и быстро определять устойчивые к патогенам генотипы (сорта), сокращая, таким образом, возможные потери продукции и, при этом, сохраняя её экологическую безопасность. Это очень важно в условиях возрастающего спроса на качественные сельскохозяйственные продукты. Цель: использование молекулярной диагностики ʹCandidatus Phytoplasma solaniʹ для сравнения степени заражения некоторых молдавских сортов томата на разных стадиях развития растений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методика</title><p> Материалы и методика. В течение двух сезонов вегетации был проведен молекулярный анализ (нестед-ПЦР) растений четырех молдавских сортов томата (Elvira, Cerasus, Mary Gratefully, Desteptarea), созданных в Институте Генетики, Физиологии и Зашиты Растений, и дикой формы Solanum habrochaites, на присутствие фитопатогена ʹCa. P. solaniʹ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p> Результаты. Обнаружено, что распределение инфекции между изученными сортами было различным в процессе развития растений. Учет распространения инфекции на томатном поле проводили в климатических условиях двух сезонов вегетации: сезона 2018 года, который был жарким, но с нормальным количеством осадков в середине лета, и сезона 2019 года, в условиях очень жаркого и засушливого лета. В течение обоих сезонов сорт Cerasus проявил наибольшую устойчивость к инфекции ʹCa. P. solaniʹ, немногим более половины растений этого сорта были поражены столбуром только в конце периода вегетации, после сбора основной части урожая. Сорта Elvira и Desteptarea имели сходные показатели уровня зараженности растений фитоплазмой в течение двух лет исследований. Эти сорта проявили гораздо большую чувствительность к фитоплазменной инфекции по сравнению с сортом Cerasus. Единственным генотипом, чувствительность которого к инфекцииʹCa. P. solaniʹсильно зависела от климатических условий сезона вегетации, оказался сорт Mary Gratefully. Растения дикой формы Solanum habrochaites проявили полную невосприимчивость к фитоплазменной инфекции в течение всего периода вегетации.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p> Выводы.Сорт Cerasus, наряду с дикой формой Solanum habrochaites, может быть рекомендован для включения в селекционные программы по созданию устойчивых к фитоплазме сортов или гибридов томата. Молекулярная диагностика может служить полезным инструментом в процессе селекции устойчивых генотипов. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The use of molecular methods allows reliable and fast determination of the resistance of genotypes (varieties) to pathogens, thereby reducing possible product losses and, at the same time, maintaining its environmental safety. It is very important in conditions of increasing demand for high-quality agricultural production. Aim: Using molecular diagnosis of ʹCandidatus Phytoplasma solaniʹ to compare the degree of infection in some Moldavian tomato varieties at different stages of plant development.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The molecular analysis (nested-PCR) of plants of the four Moldavian tomato varieties (Elvira, Cerasus, Mary Gratefully, Desteptarea) created at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, and the wild formSolanum habrochaites, was carried out for the presence of the phytopathogen ʹCa. P. solaniʹ. Researches were made during two growing seasons.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p> Results. The distribution of infection between the studied varieties was different in the process of plants development. The spread of infection in the tomato field was recorded under the climatic conditions of two growing seasons: the season of 2018, which was hot but with normal rains in the middle of summer, and the season of 2019, in conditions of a very hot and dry summer. During both seasons, Cerasus variety manifested the highest resistance to ʹCa. P. solaniʹ infection.  A little more than half of plants of this variety were affected by stolbur only at the end of the growing season, after harvesting most of the crop. Varieties Elvira and Desteptarea had similar levels of infection of plants with phytoplasma during two years of research. These varieties manifested a higher sensitivity to phytoplasma infection compared with Cerasus. Mary Gratefully was the genotype with the highest dependence of the sensitivity toʹCa. P. solaniʹ infection from the climatic conditions of the growing season. Plants of the wild form Solanum habrochaites demonstrated complete immunity to phytoplasma infection during the growing season. Conclusion.The Cerasus variety, as well as the wild form Solanum habrochaites, can be recommended for including in breeding programs for the creating tomato varieties or hybrids resistant to phytoplasma. Thus, molecular diagnosis may be a useful tool for the breeding resistant genotypes. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ʹCandidatus Phytoplasma solaniʹ</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd><kwd>томат</kwd><kwd>столбур</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ʹCandidatusPhytoplasma solaniʹ</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnosis</kwd><kwd>tomato</kwd><kwd>stolbur</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Представленная работа выполнена в рамках национального Проекта фундаментальных научных исследований 15.817.05.10F «Технологии молекулярной диагностики фитопатогенов», финансируемого из государственного бюджета Молдовы, и билатерального Проекта УНТЦ № 6378 «Разработка новой методики оценки устойчивости томатов к фитоплазме», финансируемого Европейским Союзом и Республикой Молдова.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çağlar BK, Elbeaino T, Küsek M, Pehlivan D, Fidan H, Portakaldal M. Stolbur phytoplasma infections in potato and tomato plants from different locations in Turkey. J. Turk. Phytopath. 2010;39(1-3):1-8. ISSN 0378–8024 2010 [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264508571</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çağlar BK, Elbeaino T, Küsek M, Pehlivan D, Fidan H, Portakaldal M. Stolbur phytoplasma infections in potato and tomato plants from different locations in Turkey. J. Turk. Phytopath. 2010;39(1-3):1-8.  ISSN 0378–8024 2010 [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264508571</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertaccini A., Duduk B. Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research. Phytopathol Mediterr [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 15] 2010;48(3):355–78. Available from: http://www.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/3300</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertaccini A., Duduk B. Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research. Phytopathol Mediterr [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 15] 2010;48(3):355–78. Available from: http://www.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/3300</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rojas-Martínez RI. Insect vectors of phytoplasmas. Tropical biology and conservation management. [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C20/E6-142-TPE-10.pdf p 46-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rojas-Martínez RI. Insect vectors of phytoplasmas. Tropical biology and conservation management. [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C20/E6-142-TPE-10.pdf p 46-60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee I-M., Davis R.E., Gundersen-Rindal D.E. Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes. Annu Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2000 Oct 28 [cited 2020 Apr 15]. 2000;54(1):221–55. Available from: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee I-M., Davis R.E., Gundersen-Rindal D.E. Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes. Annu Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2000 Oct 28 [cited 2020 Apr 15]. 2000;54(1):221–55. Available from: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis R.E., Sinclair W.A. Phytoplasma identity and disease etiology. In: Phytopathology. American Phytopathological Society. 1998. P.1372–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis R.E., Sinclair W.A. Phytoplasma identity and disease etiology. In: Phytopathology. American Phytopathological Society. 1998. P.1372–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Firrao G, Andersen M, Bertaccini A, Boudon E, Bové JM, Daire X, et al. “Candidatus Phytoplasma”, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol [Internet]. 2004 Jul [cited 2020 Apr 15]. 2020;54(4):1243–55. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15280299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Firrao G, Andersen M, Bertaccini A, Boudon E, Bové JM, Daire X, et al. “Candidatus Phytoplasma”, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol [Internet]. 2004 Jul [cited 2020 Apr 15]. 2020;54(4):1243–55. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15280299</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kube M. Insights in host dependency encoded within phytoplasma genomes. Bull Insectology. 2011;64:9–11. Request PDF [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228520757_Insights_in_host_dependency_encoded_within_phytoplasma_genomes</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kube M. Insights in host dependency encoded within phytoplasma genomes. Bull Insectology. 2011;64:9–11. Request PDF [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228520757_Insights_in_host_dependency_encoded_within_phytoplasma_genomes</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dickinson M, Tuffen M, Hodgetts J. The Phytoplasmas: An Introduction. In: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, NJ) [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2020 Apr 15]. P.1–14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22987401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dickinson M, Tuffen M, Hodgetts J. The Phytoplasmas: An Introduction. In: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, NJ) [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2020 Apr 15]. P.1–14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22987401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertaccini A., Duduk B., Paltrinieri S., Contaldo N. Phytoplasmas and Phytoplasma Diseases: A Severe Threat to Agriculture. Am J Plant Sci [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 Apr 15]; 2014;05(12):1763–88. Available from: http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/ajps.2014.512191</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertaccini A., Duduk B., Paltrinieri S., Contaldo N. Phytoplasmas and Phytoplasma Diseases: A Severe Threat to Agriculture. Am J Plant Sci [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 Apr 15]; 2014;05(12):1763–88. Available from:  http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/ajps.2014.512191</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manczinger L., Antal Z., Kredics L. Ecophysiology and breeding of mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2002;49(1):1–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manczinger L., Antal Z., Kredics L. Ecophysiology and breeding of mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2002;49(1):1–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas P.E., Mink G.I. Tomato hybrids with nonspecific immunity to viral and mycoplasma pathogens of potato and tomato. HortScience. 1998 Jul;33(4):764–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas P.E., Mink G.I. Tomato hybrids with nonspecific immunity to viral and mycoplasma pathogens of potato and tomato. HortScience. 1998 Jul;33(4):764–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gavrilescu M, Chisti Y. Biotechnology - A sustainable alternative for chemical industry. Vol. 23, Biotechnology Advances. Elsevier Inc. 2005. P.471–99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilescu M, Chisti Y. Biotechnology - A sustainable alternative for chemical industry. Vol. 23, Biotechnology Advances. Elsevier Inc. 2005. P.471–99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcone C., Rao G.P. Control of phytoplasma diseases through resistant plants. In: Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II: Transmission and Management of Phytoplasma - Associated Diseases. Springer Singapore. 2019. P.165–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcone C., Rao G.P. Control of phytoplasma diseases through resistant plants. In: Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II: Transmission and Management of Phytoplasma - Associated Diseases. Springer Singapore. 2019. P.165–84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Y., Cheng Z.M., Walla J.A. Rapid PCR-based Detection of Phytoplasmas from Infected Plants. HortScience. 2003 Oct;38(6):1134–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Y., Cheng Z.M., Walla J.A. Rapid PCR-based Detection of Phytoplasmas from Infected Plants. HortScience. 2003 Oct;38(6):1134–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avila C.A., Marconi T.G., Viloria Z., Kurpis J., Del Rio S.Y. Bactericera cockerelli resistance in the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites is polygenic and influenced by the presence of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 1;9(1):1–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avila C.A., Marconi T.G., Viloria Z., Kurpis J., Del Rio S.Y. Bactericera cockerelli resistance in the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites is polygenic and influenced by the presence of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 1;9(1):1–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zamorzaeva I., Bahsiev A., Mihnea N. Spread of phytoplasma infection in the tomato field depending on the climatic conditions of the year. In: Материалы II Международной научной конференции «Тенденции развития агрофизики: от актуальных проблем земледелия и растениеводства к технологиям будущего». Санкт-Петербург: ФГБНУ АФИ. 2019. P.662-668. ISBN 978-5-905200-40-3. [Zamorzaeva I., Bahsiev A., Mihnea N. Spread of phytoplasma infection in the tomato field depending on the climatic conditions of the year. In: Materials of the II International Scientific Conference "Agrophysical Trends: from Actual Challenges in Arable Farming and Crop Growing towards Advanced Technologies". St. Petersburg: FSBSI AFI. 2019. P.662-668. ISBN 978-5-905200-40-3]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamorzaeva I.,  Bahsiev A., Mihnea N. Spread of phytoplasma infection in the tomato field depending on the climatic conditions of the year. In: Материалы II Международной научной конференции «Тенденции развития агрофизики: от актуальных проблем земледелия и растениеводства к технологиям будущего». Санкт-Петербург: ФГБНУ АФИ. 2019. P.662-668. ISBN 978-5-905200-40-3. [Zamorzaeva I.,  Bahsiev A., Mihnea N. Spread of phytoplasma infection in the tomato field depending on the climatic conditions of the year. In: Materials of the II International Scientific Conference "Agrophysical Trends: from Actual Challenges in Arable Farming and Crop Growing towards Advanced Technologies". St. Petersburg: FSBSI AFI. 2019. P.662-668. ISBN 978-5-905200-40-3]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
